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Post-Communist Narratives
(Fiction)

“Hol Volt, Hol Nem Volt”:
Esterházy Péter's Book of Hrabal (Hrabal Könyve) [1990]

            The Hungarian counterpart of the English phrase “Once upon a time,” used to indicate a fantasy reality in traditional fairy tales, is “Hol volt, hol nem volt.”  Both the English and the Hungarian expressions are somewhat nonsensical.  While the English phrase can suggest an odd juxtapositioning of the physical “on top of” the temporal (unless “upon” is understood as “thereupon,” in which case the four words become “merely” a poetic displacement of reality into in indeterminate, mysterious past), the Hungarian expression, translated literally as “where was, where was not,” explicitly focuses on the space as well as the positioning of the reader/listener in the uncertain time of the past.

            Approaching Esterházy Péter’s works as fairy tales is as good a place as any in which to begin.  Esterházy’s fiction happily evades traditional analysis.  His particular form of post-modernism, with irreverent references and distorted quotes, thumbs its nose at simple readings.  Initially putting content aside, the odd, nearly structure-less form of his writing is a strong indication of an attempt to create an entirely different reality that “lives” (if at all) only as it interacts with the reader.  Without concrete plots as essential driving forces, after reading a number of Esterházy’s books, it becomes difficult to distinguish one work from another.  Since this created world contains many tangible elements from hardships under communist rule, the works (like fairy tales) are hardly idyllic and carefree.  This created, alternate reality functions as a method of re-examining and re-evaluating the past from a distance, but due to its fragmented nature, it never claims an absolute authority.  

            Ezterházy’s work Book of Hrabal is divided into three parts, and the very titles of the sections defy the forms of a traditional structure.  First is “The Chapter of Fidelity,” the second is “The Chapter of Infidelity,” the third is, simply “Chapter Three.”  In “The Chapter of Fidelity,” Esterházy established the use of variations of characters from Bohumil Hrabal’s Cutting it Short as a tribute to the Czech writer.  From one perspective, Anna is a stand-in for Hrabal’s Mary who was a tribute to the Czech writer’s mother. Esterházy can be seen as translating Mary into a Hungarian version and, by extension, paralleling himself to Hrabal by creating his own fictional mother on the page.  But Esterházy, like Hrabal, is not interested in simply paying sentimental tribute.  Esterházy’s Anna has conversations with “Bohumil,” as the angels Blaise and Gabrial (aka “Cho-Cho) watch the story unfold.  In “Chapter of Infidelity,” the writer complicates his version further when Anna discovers that she is pregnant with her fourth child.  At this stage, Anna’s conversations with Bohumil are called into question.  Is she now speaking to the Czech writer outside of the book, or her child—Esterházy Péter himelf?—inside Esterházy’s narrative?  When Blaise and Gabriel are assigned the task of keeping Anna from aborting this child, they take the darkly comic human forms of officials from the ÁVÓ (the Hungarian Secret Police).  “Chapter Three” puts a sudden end to the plot that Esterházy had established thus far, and instead turns to God and his mother.  The chapter features the domestic life of God and His return to saxophone lessons with Charlie Parker.  Anna is kept from aborting her child, but God’s saxophone performance at the end of the book leaves much to be desired.

            Esterházy’s post-modern narrative refers to a land that existed, but never existed as well.  He establishes ambiguity and introspective contemplation as the only facts in his fictional world.  His God is omnipotent, but unable to play the musical instrument he loves.  His Anna, quoting Mary, loves the antique lamps of the past, but relays to the reader the horrors her family experienced under communism.  Esterházy pays homage to Hrabal, but at the same time he parodies and critiques the vision of the past in Cutting it Short.  He honors and mocks the regional culture that may or may not have been shared by Czechoslovakia and Hungary during the years of communism.  Anna’s child is not aborted, but like the future, it will be born with many ambiguous feelings from the parents.